Waste Management

Waste Management

Waste is primarily classified into three categories-

® Harmful waste

®   Organic waste

®  Recyclable waste

Harmful waste: Waste that is chemically intense and can cause serious damage to health and environment is called as harmful waste.

Organic waste: The plant and animal remains or waste that can be easily degraded by microorganisms or bacteria is called as organic waste.  

Recyclable waste: Any waste object, thing, product that can be recycled into new comes under this category of waste.

There are three important methods of waste disposal:

® Burning  the waste

®  Landfilling

®  Composting

Burning Of Waste: Mostly medical waste is treated by this method as the waste from hospitals can pose serious danger to the environment and people staying in the vicinity, where it is supposed to be dumped.

-- Therefore, it is best to burn this waste at a very high temperature that ensures that there are no possible bacteria or viruses that can be contracted to anyone.

 -- However this method leads to air pollution as it releases loads of smoke containing oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur along with lot of fly ash.  

Landfilling:  Most of the waste collected by the municipal corporations is dumped by this method. This method involves lining the surface and then dumping waste covered with a layer of soil.

Composting:  Best way of managing organic waste and the best way of all the other waste management practices. However it is limited to treatment of organic waste management.

Our Social Reformers

Our Social Reformers

--Like there are Freedom fighters who have fought in the history to free India from the British; however the Indian society was also trapped in the evil practices. There were Social reformers who worked hard to uproot such evil customs and traditions.

--Meaning of the terms social reformers- these were people who worked for eradicating the evil practices from the society and brought up a new change in the society that helped us to move towards a better future and thus better life.

® Raja Ram Mohan Roy- banned the sati system

®  Savitribai Phule- educated the women

®  Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar- worked for upliftment of status of women in India.

Savitribai Phule

-First woman prime minister of India- Indira Gandhi

-First Indian to become Miss World- Rita Faria

-First woman president of India- Pratibha Patil

-First woman Governor of a State in free India- Mrs. Sarojini Naidu(1925)

-First woman to climb Mount Everest- Bachhendri Pal

-First woman chief justice of a High Court- Mrs. Leela Seth

-First woman pilot in Indian Air Force- Harita Kaur Dayal

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The weapon of education and will power has driven these woman to reach these heights and the lady who sacrificed her life for educating the girl child in the Indian Society is Savitribai Phule.

Education is the only key for empowerment- Savitribai Phule, realised the importance of educating the women of the society.  She then vowed to serve for the educating the girl child of the society and  worked accordingly inspite of all the odds and protests she had to face from the dominant members of the society. She is known to be the FIRST LADY TEACHER.

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Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Q1) Why was Ishwar Chandra bestowed with the title of Vidyasagar?

Ans) He was hard worker and studied many subjects.

Q2)  Why was he known as Dayasagar?

Ans) He worked for the poor and needy people of the society at his own expense.

Q3)  What did he strongly protest to?

Ans) He strongly protested against polygamy,child marriage.

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A lot of struggle and sacrifice we are enjoying the liberal life  style today. We should never forget the sacrifice of these people and should not misuse any  freedom or right that is given to us by the government or the family or from any one for that matter. A humble person always comes out to be a wise man.

Simple Machines

Simple Machines

The word ‘machine’ is derived from Greek word- ‘mechane’ which means ‘an ingenious device or invention’

     ·A mechanical engineer develops machines. 

- The machines make our task easy and life simpler.

-A machine is anything that reduces human effort.

-Anything that simplifies work, or saves time is a machine.

There are two types of machines: Simple and Complex machines.

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Q1) How different are the roads constructed along a hill than the ones we have on plane areas?

Ans) We have flat, straight roads on a plane surface, whereas the roadways along a hill are constructed in a circular way and are at an angle so that you move upwards or downwards.

Q2)  Why do you think the roads are inclined and go round and round, why are  they not built straight up the mountain?

Ans) Such roads are seen in case high mountains. If a straight road is constructed to reach to the highest peak of the mountain, the plane would be too steep and thus would not be easy for either walking or driving in a vehicle.

Q3)  Why do you think their ramps constructed in public places?

Ans) For the disabled  people to walk easily or move with the help of a wheel chair or a similar aid.  

Q4) Give few examples of pulley that you see usually around?

Ans) Used to draw  water from a well, flag poles, etc.

Q5) Does  pulley works only in one direction?

Ans) No, it may work on both the sides depending on the way it is fixed or it assembled to work.

Q6) Why can we not use the screw cap instead of the nail/screw?

Ans) The cap has the grooves from inside, which will not be of any help to hold the big photo frame on the wall for a long time.

Meaning of the term lever:

-An object or a joint that helps to lift and object is called as lever.